A Remarkable Person Out of Class Free Essays

A Remarkable Person Out of Class Mr. Lo is a remarkable person because of his engaging personality and his dedication to his job. Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on A Remarkable Person Out of Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lo is the best supervisor I have ever had. He really cares about students in the cram school not just for the money. Lo is not only a supervisor but also a combination of teacher and friend for students. He always encourages students to study hard not only in class but by sending text messages. Although his cell phone is too old to send messages to everyone at one time he still sends all greeting messages to every student in holidays one by one. Mr. Lo has worked in education institution for decades therefore he knows the common problems that high school students may have. Moreover, he is a wise and reliable man so students are willing to share their personal problems with him. He always gives students useful advice and helps them solve the problems they encounter. One thing that impresses me the most is that Lo gets along with students well no matter how good or how poor their grades are. I think he treats some so-called â€Å"bad students† as his own son. He asks some students to live with him on weekends six months before the entering exam for university in order to make them study and motivate them. Besides, he even makes midnight snacks for the students for example fried rice, noodles†¦and so on. To sum up, Mr. Lo is a remarkable person because he does his best to help students with their school work and personal life. Moreover; he cares about all his students and treats them equally. That is to say, he is the best supervisor I have ever had. How to cite A Remarkable Person Out of Class, Papers

Report on Management Accounting Major Factors for the Success

Question: Indicate the main purposes of management accounting and its relevance to the management of organisations. Evaluate the main cost structures of organisations and methods of their calculation. Determine appropriate methods of calculating break-even, profitability and capital input costs. Answer: Introduction Accounting is one of the major factors for the success of the organization. It gives the decision makers of the organizations all the economic information so that they can take proper decisions. Managing accounting has become extremely essential for all big or small firms as every firm has to maintain a proper systematic record and to check the current financial situation of the company. This particular assignment will cover the importance of managing accounting for the company Sainsbury and will highlight the different types of cost that the company implements. The organisation which is emphasised for Management accounting is Sainsbury Plc. Sainsbury is rated as one of the emerging supermarket chains in the retails sectors of United Kingdom. Management accounting concept is performed under a dynamic organisation to intersect the financial operation from the decision making process (Libby et al. 2012). The concept of Management accounting is essential for proper and smooth functioning of any organisation to operate within the parameters of rendering quality and time management. Meanwhile in the case of Sainsbury which is a retail organisation dealing in management accounting to deal with external pressure from the peripheral of outside force and other interested groups. The importance of management accounting in Sainsbury is listed below Sainsbury has an impactful and systematic management accounting which renders performance within the framework of quality as well as timeliness delivery of information to relevant individual within the organisation. Sainsbury stores the records of its assisting managers in directing and controlling the operations within the parameters of Management accounting. The concept of management accounting adds core values in the effective performance of retail organisation by measuring the activities of the corporate group of people such as top level management Sainsbury management performance extends a raising hand in generating funds through appropriate approach The role of accounting policies has a positive impact in implanting the sustainability in decision structure at all level of management in Sainsbury. Financial accounting concept is different from management accounting. Management accounting is based on external and internal environmental factors of the organisation. On the other hand financial accounting deals with company as a whole. It provides the shareholders and the stakeholders about the financial position of the company (Amihud and Mendelson 2012). Management accounting is also defined as analytical accounting measures which is responsible for collecting, transferring and analysing budgets for processing information on planning, moreover its is helpful in preparing and analysing the budgets based on internal organisation reports. Financial accounting emphasis on past records and reports of certain quarter or year where are management accounting is more oriented towards presenting and forecasting for future. Cost accounting is a systematic analysis of the expenses recording to evaluate the cost of each service or product provided by the company (Kokubu and Kitada 2015). For management, cost accounting is extremely beneficial to maximize profits, economies on costs and fix prices. However, for management control over decision making classification of cost is required. The various type of cost classification is described as follows: By time (Historical and pre-determined) Historical costs are evaluates when the production of a commodity is done to verify regarding actual operations. The specifications of pre-determined costs are based on all factors of standard costs and estimated costs. However, standard costs are entered with a caution compared to estimated costs. By elements or nature (Labor, Material and Expenses) For the product, material is the substance (Spraakman 2015). Material cost can be both indirect and direct. The indirect material is often used in ancillary production to highlight the physical units such as stationary material, oil, convenient stores, etc. The direct material is the cost of portion of finished goods observable to units such as primary packaging, components purchased, etc. Labor cost can also be differentiate from indirect labor and direct labor. Direct labor costs can be described as the wages of the labor whereas indirect labor indicates the labor employed in doing a particular task such as wages of the supervisors, foreman and inspectors etc. There are two types of expenses- indirect and direct expenses. Direct expenses indicates on things such as specific cost units like drawing, design, hiring of employment or any other tools, fees paid to the consultants, and indirect expenses that are not allocated directly to cost centers like taxes, rent, lighting, insurance and depreciation, heating etc. By degree of traceability (Direct and Indirect) Indirect costs are also recognized by common costs are very difficult to identity to a single commodity whereas direct costs are traceable to a particular, or some other activity is taken by costing unit. Cost incurred in different powerhouse can also be referred as the indirect costs whereas concerning the product in the powerhouse, the fuel cost and supervisory salaries are associated with the direct cost. Product association (Product and Period) The cost incurred to run a business such as salaries, rent, administrative and selling costs, etc are associated with the period costs (Dutta et al. 2016). On the other hand, the costs that are added in inventory values like manufacturing overheads and direct labor are the direct costs. By function (Selling, Administrating, Manufacturing, Pre-Production and Research and Development) Administrative Costs The cost that covers the costs of formulating policy is associated with Indirect costs, controlling and directing the operations the organization. Selling and Distribution Costs Distribution costs are the costs that covers a part of the overheads of a production unit. They are variable in terms of commissions, sales and fixed in case of transporting articles to central or local storage. Pre-Production Costs It is the costs that incurred because of the trial runs for starting up a new factory or a product. Manufacturing Costs Expenditures associated with the manufacturing division on labour, direct materials, , packing, expenses, etc. Research and Development It is the costs incurred on the new process, products, or insights by executing and experiment and results on a commercial basis. Table 1: Administrative cost Source: (Ahmad 2016) Association with the period of accounting (Capital and Revenue) Revenue and Capital are based on the current period and future period respectively. However, future period costs are treated as assets. On the other hand, current period costs are treated as expenses. By controllability (Controllable and Non-controllable) The costs that a budget holder can control are known as controllable cost and the costs that are not subject to any supervision is referred as uncontrollable cost. By changes in volume (Fixed, Semi-variable, Variable) Variable cost is proportionately or directly related with the output such as labor corresponding or direct materials to the level of outputs. On the other hand, semi-variable cost contains both variable and fixed costs like depreciation. Similarly, fixed costs are those costs that paid by the company irrespective of any other business activities. However, these costs arise with the time like salary, rent, insurance, etc. Figure 1: Fixed, Variable and Semi-variable cost Costs for decision making In management accounting, these costs are very important to carry out direction of the organization. Decision Making Costs Purpose Examples Opportunity Costs When one course is defined, it is the loss of another alternative of action. Capital invested in manufacturing company cannot be invested in stock market Differential Costs The difference between the alternatives of total costs Alternative decisions and changes in output Joint Costs The two or more products are a result of factors of production. These are costs incurred at the point of separation. Budgeting cooperation between departments Sunk Costs The costs that have already been incurred and cannot be avoided by decision-making Training, hiring bonus, marketing study, etc. Marginal Costs Aggregate of variable costs Prime cost with variable overheads Uniform Costs It is useful in inter-firm comparison. The cost incurred on common procedures and principles. Differences in size of business and organization or differences in methods of production and production facilities Replacement Costs The cost of replacing one asset with other at its current value Majorly used in insurance policies to cover damage to companys assets Imputed Costs The costs that are useful while decision-making to a particular situation Interest generated on internal funds Common Costs The costs that are incurred in more than one job, product or territory. Electrical expenses, transportation and money costs Table 2: Decision making cost Source: (Bzostek 2015) Meaning of Variance Analysis During the evaluation of production performance, it is essential to have a knowledge related to the predetermined costing and variance in this particular scenario is known to be foundation of the process. The term Variance refers to the difference between the forecasted cost and the actual cost of an element over the certain period. However, the process known as Variance Analysis actually refers to conduct effective analysis of variance, which provides some effective information to the management about the basic reason of the dissimilarities(House, 2008). Therefore, variance analysis is a significant process, which plays effective role to assist in the decision-making by the management. With the help of the process, the managers can take measures to improve efficiency in the operations and find the suitable idea to allocate resources in the right direction. The determination comes from the variance analysis is made by looking at the performance of the firm. If the operating or financial performance of the organization is better than the expected outcomes, then it will be called as Favourable Variance. The contrast scenario on the other hand is known as the Unfavourable Variance (Cho 2011).Apart from the basic sense portrayed about the Variance Analysis, it should also need to mention that the process can be classified in different types. The major two types of variance analysis are known as Sales Volume Variance and Flexible-Budget Variance. With the help of a picture, the major types of Variance Analysis can be elaborated (Katsikas et al. 2015). (Two Major Types of Variance Analysis; Source: Image.slidesharecdn.com, 2016) Flexible-Budget variance the definition of flexible0budget variance is known as the difference between the estimated amount of the budgeted figure and the actual amount that is achieved by the business(Cordero, 2012). Sales-Volume Variance in case of sales-volume variance, it refers to the difference between the flexible budget amount and static budget amount. Problems and Limitations of Different Types of Variance analysis Some of the major problems or challenges associated with the process of variance analysis are discussed in the following portion: Variance analysis is largely used for developing the external reporting and computation of tax, which is an unaccepted method. During the process of conducting analysis, the significant contributions of the fixed cost is not considered. It is a major fact that the long-running effect of the fixed cost can make it a variable factor, which is not considered in the variance analysis process. Due to the process of variance analysis, different types of issues are faced by the management as the process is done in the end of the month. However, the managers gather information from the key areas of the business in the daily basis to deal with issues. Variance analysis is often not included in the recording of accounting information because of the managers are provided with the limited information related to the labour or overhead details. Variance analysis is a process, which is fundamentally based on the comparing the actual results with the estimated or fictitious results(Hjortland, 2013). The process leads to the standard setting. However, often the standard setting of the organisation is affected by the political bargaining. Therefore, the analysis in those cases cannot bring any useful contributions to the firm (Zenita et al. 2015). Problems faced by Sainsbury In case of the huge operational chain of the company, setting the budget for one year will be a major issue. Therefore, the company should need to set the budget in the monthly basis. However, in different scenarios, the variances in the Sainsbury are caused by the external factors (Cordero 2012). Therefore, the management can face certain problems, as the only option for them will be motivating the staffs to achieve results. The term Operating budget indicates the process of preparing the financial plans of any firm. In terms of this financial planning, Sainsbury prepares its operational budget annually. But it is not mandatory to prepare yearly budgets for a very long span of time. The reason is that this kind of budget predict the monetary requirements in accordance with the operating budget plans. The major function of the operating budget is to examine in a better way the salaries and factors related to the salaries, operations management and payments of the interests, whether the interest rates are paid justifiably (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Meanwhile, the income and the expenses which are incurred through the sales revenue can be predicted within a short period of time, whereas the capital which is invested for a long term basis is not included in the calculation of such incomes and revenues. Three different kinds of Operating budgets can be devised on a daily basis. They are as follows: Revenue Budget : This type denotes the budget which helps in detecting the revenues needed by an organization and along with the projection of future sales revenue. Expense Budget: This kind of budget tells about the possible expenses at the time of the budget. Fixed budget, variable budget and discretionary budget are the three various kinds of expense budgets which are examined in terms of the operational budget. Profit Budget: The revenue budgets and the expense budgets together taken into the net and gross profits make the Profit budget. This profit Budget is used for evaluating the expense budgets in accordance with the forecasted revenues, and also for allocation of resources. Depending on the financial planning and success of the firm, this profit budget assists in allocating the managers with certain duties and supervising activities. Merits of Operating Budgets Helps in Projecting Future Expenses: The analyzation of the past expenses can actually assist in making the budget in a better for the up coming year. As for example, Sainsbury predicts its last years annual budget to prepare a new budget. But over evaluation of the budget should be avoided. Moreover, the lacks in the previous budgets can be filled up with the overrated funds (Higgins and Reimers 2014). Managing Current Expenses: The present operating expenses like, salaries of the staffs, rent of the office, various other costs related to the criteria of savings and the fixed costs can be managed using operating budgets. Building Reserves: Amount outstanding can be reduced by using the operational budgets as in this case the evaluated budget is created beforehand. Operating budgets can be used very successfully if they perform works related to economy, investing and economic planning. If the budget of any company is able to preserve money, then it becomes possible for that company to prevent the losses in any year. Accounting: A well planned operating budget can establish economic responsibility, thereby allowing the firm to reach the aims of the company. But, Sainsbury allows the operating budget to assist it in reaching its goals. Recommendations: Regarding this report Sainsbury profitability ratios highlights the moderate reduction during the year 2003 to 2004. This was due to the numerous challenges the firm had to face. Managing accounting has become extremely essential for all big or small firms as every firm has to maintain a proper systematic record and to check the current financial situation of the company. Since the variable cost is proportionately or directly related with the output such as labor corresponding or direct materials to the level of outputs. Due to the process of variance analysis, different types of issues are faced by the management as the process is done in the end of the month. However, the managers gather information from the key areas of the business in the daily basis to deal with issues. Therefore, the company should need to set the budget in the monthly basis. However, in different scenarios, the variances in the Sainsbury are caused by the external factors. During the evaluation of production performance, it is essential to have a knowledge related to the predetermined costing and variance in this particular scenario is known to be foundation of the process. Conclusion: It is very important for the organization to like Sainsbury to understand how to survive in the competitive market in which they operate. Hence markets that require managers to who understand and are completely aware of the internal and external factors which are important concerns for the company. The financial management tools can be used which gives the managers of Sainsbury to set up the strategies of the information in order to make decision in the future. However it is important to highlight the tools of ratio analysis to provide a complete view of the company financial condition, but a deep analysis is necessary to know the depth of the company. Nevertheless the financial management tools are helpful in understanding the management level and the organizational level of decision making. The purpose of this report was to understand the Sainsburys financial performance using the tools of financial management. This report will also help in making a comparative study regarding the competitive performance with other firms as well. It will provide the investors to have a details view of the company investments policy who wants to invest in the company. References Ahmad, E., 2016. 2. Political economy of information generation and financial management for sub-national governments: some lessons from international experience1.Multi-level Finance and the Euro Crisis: Causes and Effects, p.49. Amihud, Y. and Mendelson, H., 2012. Liquidity and asset prices: Financial management implications.Financial Management, pp.5-15. Bzostek, S., 2015, November. Financial Management Strategies in Unmarried Mothers' Romantic Partnerships. In2015 Fall Conference: The Golden Age of Evidence-Based Policy. Appam. Cho, H. (2011).Negotiation of meaning in synchronous computer-mediated communication in relation to task types. [Bloomington, Ind]: Indiana University. Cordero, A. (2012). Conversations Across Meaning Variance.SciEduc, 22(6), pp.1305-1313. Dutta, S.K., Lawson, R.A. and Marcinko, D., 2016. A Conceptual Foundation for Management Accounting Information to Support Sustainability Strategies.Advances in Accounting,31(1). Higgins, R.C. and Reimers, M., 2014.Analysis for financial management. Dow Jones-Irwin. Hjortland, O. (2013). Logical Pluralism, Meaning-Variance, and VerbalDisputes.Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 91(2), pp.355-373. House, L. (2008).Predictors of different types of recreational gambling among college students. Image.slidesharecdn.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hhofma3ech23inst-140930122004-phpapp02/95/flexible-budgets-and-standard-costs-24-638.jpg?cb=1412079785 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2016]. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Katsikas, E., Funnell, W. and Dixon, R., 2015. Management accounting change from a hybrid institutional and managerial perspective.Available at SSRN 2736221. Kokubu, K. and Kitada, H., 2015. Material flow cost accounting and existing management perspectives.Journal of Cleaner Production,108, pp.1279-1288. Libby, R., Bloomfield, R. and Nelson, M.W., 2012. Experimental research in financial accounting.Accounting, Organizations and Society,27(8), pp.775-810. Spraakman, G. ed., 2015.Management accounting at the Hudson's Bay Company: from quill pen to digitization(Vol. 17). Emerald Group Publishing. Zenita, R., Sari, R.N., Anugerah, R. and Said, J., 2015. The Effect of Information Literacy on Managerial Performance: The Mediating Role of Strategic Management Accounting and the Moderating Role of Self Efficacy.Procedia Economics and Finance,31, pp.199-205.

THE PUBLICS RIGHT TO KNOW Essay Research free essay sample

THE PUBLICS RIGHT TO KNOW Essay, Research Paper The Constitutional duty of the imperativeness is to inform the populace. The First Amendment comes into direct struggle with the rights and duties of media coverage. There is a all right line between personal privateness and the populaces right to cognize. The fundamental law overrides the option of privateness beside the amendment of freedom of address or freedom of the imperativeness. Freedom of the imperativeness is to be guarded as an unalienable right of the people in a free society. Freedom of the imperativeness carries along with it the right to discourse, inquiry and dispute the actions of our authorities and of our public and private establishments. Journalists hold the right to verbalise unpopular sentiments and the privilege to consent with the bulk. In a conjectural state of affairs, a adult male running for president is caught in a bind where media has to make up ones mind if his private life should be published or non. We will write a custom essay sample on THE PUBLICS RIGHT TO KNOW Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Involving media signifiers such as newspapers and telecasting intelligence. When look intoing affairs in an persons private life there is a inquiry of equity. The possibility of invasion of privateness is besides present. If this information is printed, How will it do the individual experience? In most state of affairss the individual? s life being exposed would experience he is being treated below the belt. However, by non describing such information could evade the electors cognition of the presidential campaigner. A journalist is required to describe, it is at that place occupation. When doing deductions about any individual, the facts must be known without a uncertainty. The inutility of hearsay information or a animus tip does no good on the creditability of the intelligence. If there is possible state of affairs developing, it would be a good thought for a journalist to watch and wait for the events to blossom, so gather the necessary facts upon deriving the information. It is unconstitutional to distribute prevarications about an person. Even if false information is printed it could take a considerable sum of clip for an person to recover the populaces favour. A journalist is taking to be ethical before they print an article. Sometimes it may look as though a author is seeking to destruct an person. In most instances this is non true In any instance an probe is done to garner the facts relevant to the state of affairs. Therefore geting at the inquiry of right poetries incorrect. In some sentiment spying about and glancing through Windowss is sensible. Howeve r this is a major misdemeanor of privateness. The morality of most people would non appreciate the thought of a journalist skulking about descrying on every move they make. In any signifier of intelligence media, information must be gathered to make an accurate image of the existent events. Therefore it is sensible to look into the individual in which information is necessary to obtain. It is unfai R to take the probe to the point where the jurisprudence is broken. What is right and incorrect? There are many state of affairss which sit on the line of right and incorrect. The imperativeness holds the duty to inform the people of the intelligence whether it is logical or non. The Government imposes limitations despite the seemingly absolute nature of the First Amendment to the Constitution, which states? Congress shall do no jurisprudence # 8230 ; foreshortening the freedom of address, or of the press. ? Keeping this in head gives any journalist the right to compose, print, or talk about any thing. If any individual were capable to a similar state of affairs the issues would be wholly different. However, this individual is running for president which makes him capable to the changeless force per unit area of the intelligence media. The individual becomes a mark. The first incorrect move he makes will be on the front page of every newspaper and the top narrative of the eventide intelligence. Even if a common individual was involved, alternatively of a presidential campaigner the imperativeness would hold the option to follow up a narrative on the affair. The Society of Professional Journalists must run under a codification of moralss. This codification summed up in a few sentences provinces that the journalists are to keep the responsibility to function the truth. , stated under the Constitutional function to seek the truth is portion of the populace? s right to cognize the truth. ? We believe those duties carry duties that require journalists to execute with intelligence, objectiveness, truth, and equity, ? the codification says. Journalists are free to any involvement other than the public? s right to cognize. There is a difference between broadcast codifications and newspaper codifications. It is a difference between positive and negative autonomies. Journalists hold the duty to do ethical determinations. They must acknowledge the rules about equity, justness, truth, and the American manner. Peoples are allowed to hold and differ about the right thing to make in tense state of affairss, this is where the affair of sentiment sets in. It would be something for all of us to come to the same justifiable decisions. However, in today? s society sentiments range far and broad. I believe that in the high velocity technological age of today journalists work good to supply the populace with the of import facts of the intelligence. The information is prompt and precise foregrounding the most of import facts. If I was a journalists put in this conjectural state of affairs I would force the power of the journalist to the really border. That is why the jurisprudence was written to protect a journalist from the possibility of traveling to far. As for the turn of right poetries incorrect, would sit on the shoulders of the mean sentiment. The Publics Right to Know CURTIS THE DIRTIS Nov. 11 1996 Communication Theory

Accounting Concept Essays

Accounting Concept Essays Accounting Concept Essay Accounting Concept Essay The accruals concept brings a meaning that every expense should be recognized as they occurred. (Wild, Shaw, Barbara, 2009) For examples, when an expense incurred, we need to record it in the financial report, not when payment is made. While we receive the goods, we need to record the revenues. We need to record the net profit using the formula of net profit is equal to total revenue total cost. So that, we get a more accurate amount of profit for net profit is not equal to total revenue. When non-compliance of historical cost concept, the value of the assets is not objective and not reliable anymore since the evidence of transaction is not shown. Additionally, the market price changes often according to time period and thats why some users will prefer market value as it is more relevant. At current value, it will distort the whole fabric of accounting. It makes accounting information unreliable. If monetary concept is not practiced into the business, the condition as he unit used for measurement of value is not the same; the information in the financial statement couldnt be compared as its not the same of the real value. Certain information such as the value of workers and the types of goods will not be recorded into the financial as they do not a price for it. If going concern concept is not applied, the business is expected to shut down if the business is facing financial crisis. Therefore, this business would have a negative or pessimistic thinking and this would give a bad image to the public and shareholders. The business might have a hence to revive their business in the future but if they do not have a positive or optimistic thinking, their business would have a high chance of facing bankruptcy if they faced a financial crisis. The information in the financial statement cant be compared anymore, when time interval concept is not used. For example, if the financial statement of a company is prepared annually and the next one is closed in half year, then we cant compare these two financial statements because there are many transactions happen during the time interval, the profit calculated will be not name. Due to the reason the information in the financial statement is no longer reliable. Thus, there would be lesser potential share buyers interested in the company due to unreliable information. When non-compliance of business entity concept, the information in the financial statement wont be appropriate because unrelated information of the owner will be recorded in the financial statement. This will affect the profit and loss of the business because the owner personally expenses and revenues will be recorded in the financial statement. For example, the capital will e taken in as a drawing thus counted as a liability to the business when the owner invested ARM 100,000 into the business. If this concept is not used, the investment wont be record as a drawing. If accrual concept is not applied, the information in the financial statement wont be trustworthy anymore. The expenses wont be recorded when expenses incurred. It will be recorded when payment is made while. If revenues and expenses are recorded when payment made, the profit and loss of the business will become not accurate. Four qualitative characteristics that a uncial statement should posses: Understandability While preparing finance statement, the most significant things is the information should be easily understood by the public and able read through it easily. Relevant information need to be organized under a connected group. This is because it enables public to measure and give Judgment to the performance of the business easily with the accurately reliable information. CITATION we 1 17417 (Wood Gangster, 2012)Relevance The information in financial statement should be materialistic, as it stands as an important point to stakeholders to make a decision while using the information from the financial statement. Furthermore, materiality is one of the relevance criteria, as all the information we find out should be linked to evaluate past evaluation. It also enables the public to predict the future performance of the company. CITATION we 17417 (Wood Gangster, 2012)Reliability Reliable information will be useful to users as it doesnt include any wrong material. Faithful representation is one of the criteria of reliability in the accounting balance sheet. The transaction must represent accurately as at the reporting date. Another criterion in

Build and Use a Tree Leaf and Plant Press

Build and Use a Tree Leaf and Plant Press Way back in the dark ages when I was taking tree identification in college, I pressed hundreds of leaves for further study. Even today, you cant beat using a real, preserved leaf to assist you in tree identification. A properly pressed leaf highlights its structure(s) and provides you with a three-dimensional leaf. Collecting the leaf aids you in the initial identification and gives you a self-made field guide for future help. Difficulty: Average Time Required: 2 to 4 hours (including purchasing materials) Heres How Cut a 24 X 24 plywood square in half to make the top and bottom sections of the 12 X 24 press. Place them on top of each other with edges even (c-clamps or bar clamps can be used to keep the wood in position).At each corner of the top and bottom pieces of plywood, measure in 1 1/2 from sides, 2 from top and mark with a pencil. Using drill bit the same size as your bolts, drill a hole through both pieces at each mark.Insert round-headed bolts up through each hole in every corner of both the top and bottom portions of the plywood press. Make sure the hole is small enough to accommodate the bolt but stops at the head. Add a washer and wingnut to each bolt. You now have a press with adjustable tension.Remove winged bolt nuts, washers and the  top portion of the plywood press leaving the bottom portion of the press and four bolts standing upright. It is from this open position that you load the press with any new leaves.Cut two cardboard pieces to fit between the press but not extend be yond the top, bottom or sides of the plywood press and to fit between the bolts. This cardboard is to go between the wood press top and bottom and the pressed material. Collect tabloid sized newspaper. To use: place leaves between double or triple sheets of newspaper, place newspaper between the pieces of cardboard. Close the press by repositioning the top plywood portion over bolts, attach washers, screw on wing nuts and tighten. Tips: Find a leaf on a tree you either know or would like to identify. Collect the leaf or several leaves that most represent an average looking leaf of the tree species. Use an old magazine as a temporary field press.Identify and label each specimen as soon as you collect it as identification is much easier when you can see the entire tree rather than just a few leaves. Remember to take your field guide along.You should not have to pay more than $10 for the material to build this leaf press. You can purchase presses for about $40. What You Need: 2 X 2 sheet of 1/2 plywoodFour 3 round-headed bolts with washers and wing nutsCircular saw, scissors and drillCardboard and newspaper

Individual project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Individual project 2 - Essay Example On the other hand, NASDAQ is highly automated in operations. Trading at NASDAQ happens in the invisible trading system. The second major difference is based on the types of stocks that are traded at each exchange. NASDAQ focuses on high growth IT and Telecommunications industry. Most of the Silicon Valley biggies are actively traded on NASDAQ. Even, IT companies from other countries are listing themselves at NASDAQ through the allowable investment routes. At the same time NYSE focuses on the traditional market consisting of auto, electronic and semiconductors, etc. The charges for listing in NYSE are as high as $250,000 while that for NASDAQ is $150,000. NASDAQ is seemed to be a highly volatile market while NYSE is less volatile. This is also known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act may be defined as â€Å"An act passed by U.S. Congress in 2002 to protect investors from the possibility of fraudulent accounting activities by corporations.† (Investopedia, 2012) The SOX was a result of various well known scams in the early 2000 such as Enron, Tyco and WorldCom. The act lays down various rules and guidelines that have to be followed mandatorily by an organization. The act applies to all publicly listed companies and its two main objectives are investor protection and prohibition of misrepresentation of financial data. The administrative authority of the act is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). As per the Act, a business firm should maintain their financial records at least for a period of five years failing which the concerned authority will be subjected to fines and/or imprisonment. This Act also applies to those companies from other countries that are listed in the US stock markets. The act has brought about changes even to the composition of the board of an organization. Post the act, it is mandatory for all public companies to form an audit committee as part of the board of directors. Companies are also not supposed to

Global Economic Outlook and Challenges Faced by Singapore Essay

Global Economic Outlook and Challenges Faced by Singapore - Essay Example This is endorsed by a survey by the McKinsey Group which finds that amid the uncertainty the prospects for investment banking in the emerging markets remain relatively bright (BÃ ¶hme, Chiarella & Lemerle (2008). Southeast Asia however, has been making solid economic progress since the financial crisis of 1977 but Singapore has been going through a lean pitch and much depends upon the economic activity that take place globally in the near future. The OECD countries accounted for 75% of the world GDP less than 5 decades ago which today accounts for less than 55 percent (Santiso, 2008). The US stock market that accounted for 50% of the world market capitalization now accounts for less than thirty five percent and continues to decline. Emerging markets like Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and South Korea have already become OECD members and Brazil is all set to become the global player. It is growing into a global trader reaching into markets like Middle East, Africa and South East Asia. The subprime crisis of the US can provide new oppurtunities for the Asia-pacific region. The Asia-Pacific investors are playing a key role in supporting the developed countries during the current financial turmoil. Berner (2008) of Morgan Stanley however fears that recession will go global and the industrial economies will be flat in 2009. Most emerging economies have been facing a combination of external shocks and tighter monetary policies. Since the exports to the US would be reduced, it would impact the other economies as they would face decline in employment, which would have pressure on the income, consumers and their lenders. Most predictions estimate that the US economy will take a V-turn and not U-turn. The airline industry too is facing the darkest future as multiple airline liquidations will further cripple the economy that depends on affordable and efficient transportation system.